Dutch (nl)

Phoneme	Possible graphemes	Example words	Phonemic representation
a	a aa	ademen lazert koolsla aantal apenstaartje	a d @ m @ n l a z @ r t k o l s l a a n t A l a p @ s t a r t j @
A	a	omdat Deborah	O m d A t d @ b O r A
Au	au auw ou ouw	augustus baukje krakau algauw ouder behou aanbouw	Au x Y s t Y s b Au k j @ k r a k Au A l x Au Au d @ r b @ h Au a n b Au
b1	b bb p	bijvoorbeeld dubbel stropdas	b Ei v o r b e l t d Y b @ l s t r O b d A s
d	d dd	dekmantel verder dekbedden	d E k m A n t @ l v E r d @ r d E g b E d @
e	e ee	elastiek ijdelheden eender wanneer gedwee	e l A s t i k Ei d @ l h e d @ e n d @ r w A n e r x @ d w e
E	e	enkele ballet	E N k @ l @ b a l E t
Ei	ei ij	dweil aardbei terwijl dichterbij	d w Ei l a r d b Ei t @ r w Ei l d I x t @ r b Ei
@	e en	ezeltje selectie bedanken	e z @ l t j @ s @ l E k s i b @ d a N k @
2	eu oe ö	gebeurt apneu foetus föhn	G @ b 2 r t a p n 2 f 2 t Y s f 2 n
f	f ff	fotograaf zelfs effect	f o t o G r a f z E l f s E f E k t
x	g ch	gierig weinig chemie doch	x i r @ x w Ei n @ x x e m i d O x
g	g k	glamour bingo beschikbaar lobroekdok	g l E m @ r b I N g o b @ s x I g b a r l o b r u g d O k
G2	g	gebouwd aandachtige	G @ b Au t a n d A x t @ G @
Z	g j s	genie original journalist yuji visual	Z @ n i o r i Z i n e l Z u r n A l I s t j u d Z i v I Z u w @ l
h	h	hoewel aangelegenheid	h u w E l a N G @ l e G @ h Ei t
i	i ie	initiatie taxi iedere aanbieden	i n i t s j a t s i t A k s i i d @ r @ a m b i d @
I	i	inkomen richting	I N k o m @ r I x t I N
j	i j -	kraait kantenmaaier jaren project fantasieën kiosken	k r a j t k A n t @ m a j @ r j a r @ n p r o j E k t f A n t a z i j @ k i j O s k @
k	c ck k kk	cabine videocamera chic hockey truck kerk aanbakken	k a b i n @ v i d e j o k a m @ r a S i k h O k i t r Y k k E r k a m b A k @
l	l ll	lade plaats meewil aantalle	l a d @ p l a t s m e w I l a n t A l @
m	m mm	mensen natuurmuseum afklemmen	m E n s @ n n a t y r m y z e j Y m A f k l e m @
n	n nn	neerslag bekend cameraman zonnig	n e r s l A x b @ k E n t k a m @ r a m A n z O n @ x
N	ng n	mededinger koning denken	m e d @ d I N @ r k o n I N d E N k @
o	o oo	opendoet solo oorkonde soorten	o p @ n d u t s o l o o r k O n d @ s o r t @
O	o	onder aankloppen	O n d @ r a n k l O p @
u	oe ou u	oefenen groepen gedoe bourbon computer	u f @ n @ G r u p @ n x @ d u b u r b O n k O m p j u t @ r
p	p pp b	paniek bepaalde wetenschap kloppen doorhebt club	p a n i k b @ p a l d @ w e t @ s x A p k l O p @ d o r h E p t k l Y p
r3	r rr	raadgever waardoor concurrent	r a t x e v @ r w a r d o r k O N k y r E n t
s	s ss c	semester fiets aanpassen cinema accepteren	s e m E s t @ r f i t s a n p A s @ n s i n @ m a A k s E p t e r @
S	sj ti sh ch	sjouwen artisjok fiction carwash chocolade	S Au w @ A r t i S O k f I k S @ n k A r w O S S o k o l a d @
t	d t tt	landgraaf gebied taak dokter macht afzetten	l A n t x r a f G @ b i t t a k d O k T @ r m A x t a f s E t @
y	u uu	universiteit muziek menu uur excuus	y n i v @ r z i t Ei t m y z i k m E n y y r E k s k y s
Y	u	ukken tussen	Y k @ n t Y s @ n
9y	eu ui	euforie therapeutisch uitspookte gebruik lui	9y f o r i t e r a p 9y t i s 9y t s p o k t @ x @ b r 9y k l 9y
v	v f	vrijwel gaver twaalfde	v r Ei w E l x a v @ r t w a l v d @
w	w	waren duwen	w a r @ n d y w @ n
z	z zz s	zes gezien puzzel aanpasbaar	z E s G @ z i n p Y z @ l a n p A z b a r
A:4	a	after passport	A: f t @ r p A: s p O r t
A~	an en	anciens alençon	A~ s j E~ a l A~ s O~
9:	e eu i o u	commerce villeneuve bird worth burns	k O m 9: r s v i l @ n 9: v @ b 9: r t w 9: r t b 9: r n s
O:	a aw o oa ou	hall crawford force keyboard four	h O: l k r O: f @ r t f O: r s k i b O: r t f O: r

Footnotes

1. Due to regressive voice assimilation, voiceless consonants /p t k f s x/ can be pronounced as their voiced counterparts /b d g v z G/ when followed by a voiced consonant, and the reverse is also possible. This can occur even across word boundaries. Therefore, both voiced and voiceless variants should be included in the phonemic representation of a word if it ends with one of these consonants. For example: “arbeid A r b Ei t” and “arbeid A r b Ei d”, or “straat s t r a t” and “straat s t r a d”. This is because the final consonant may be followed by either a voiced or voiceless consonant in the next word. ↩

2. In some dialects, e.g., the Flanders, this is a separate phoneme, voiced velar fricative, pronounced differently from /x/. In some dialects it is only a variant of /x/ when followed by a voiced sound (see note at phoneme /b/). ↩

3. The phoneme /r/ covers various regional variants. ↩

4. The phonemes /A:, A~, 9:, E~, E:, J, O~, O:/ are present in loanwords. ↩